ELECTRONIC ARTICLE SURVEILLANCE(EAS)是一种设置在需要控制物品出入的门口的RFID技术。
Directions:You are going to read an article from a consumer magazine about the London underground railway. Choose the most suitable heading (A-F) for each part (1-5) of the article. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.
The world’s first underground railway (the Tube) opened in London in January 1863. Today there are 11 lines serving 272 stations, the busiest of which, King’s Cross, sees the start and finish of around 70 million journeys a year. But the system is in crisis—mainly as a result of underinvestment. Overcrowding combined with poor reliability can lead to problems for travellers, particularly those who use the Tube during its busiest hours
This report looks at service and safety on the Underground. It’s based on the findings of our survey of passengers. Last June we interviewed 1,698 Tube travellers outside 46 Underground stations in London; 517 regular travellers (those using the Tube throughout the year on three or more days each week) were contacted again and asked more detailed questions by phone.
Since 1981 the number of passengers using the Tube has increased by almost half. The increase in passengers has not been matched by an expansion of the Underground system and there is widespread congestion, particularly during the six peak hours when over 60 per cent of all journeys are made. London Underground Limited (LU) states that over the busiest rush hour no more than one person should have to stand for each seated passenger. But LU’s own statistics show that this standard is often not met over large areas of track on a daily basis.
Forty-three per cent of regular travellers had missed an appointment or been late for something in the two weeks before the survey because of delays on the Underground.
Forty-three per cent of regular travellers mentioned graffiti, rubbish and generally dirty conditions as one of the aspects of the Underground’s service they disliked. The aim set by Government for train cleaning is that carriages should be cleaned internally every day they are in use. LU’s figures show it has come very close to achieving this. But there are no standards to define or measure how well trains have been cleaned. LU has made progress in dealing with rubbish at major stations but graffiti, old coaches and unmodernised stations remain serious problems.
Well over half of the regular travellers said they were dissatisfied with the information provided when something goes wrong on the system; 72 per cent of those who were dissatisfied complained that the information was wrong or given too late; 49 per cent couldn’t hear or understand what was said. LU told us that a new system has been installed, which should mean clearer messages. However, the new system applies only to messages broadcast within stations; those coming from a central control room may not improve for some time to come.
Most of this report reflects the experiences of regular Tube travellers but we also asked those who do not travel every day for their views. The most popular type of ticket bought by these travellers was a one-day pass. Few appeared to have had problems finding their way around the system—89 per cent said finding their way around was “easy”.
Passage 3Questions l9—33
● Read the article about People Express.
● Choose the best word to fill each blank, from A, B, C or D
● For each question l9—33 mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.
● There is an example at the beginning.
People Express People Express, (0)______. in April l981, grew rapidly on the basis of low fares and no-frills service. It soon became a leading airline and (19)______. changed the industry as firms constantly engaged in price wars to lure passengers. Then, People Express’ bubble (20)______. because it over expanded, consumer complaints mounted and other airlines matched its fares on popular routes. In l986, People Express (21)______. hundreds of millions of dollars and was forced to sell out to Texas Air, the owner of Continental and Eastern Airlines.
In early l987, Texas Air (22)______. People Express into its Continental division and industry observers believed (23)______. the costly fare wars would be ended. They could not have been more wrong. To stimulate business for its (24)______. Continental Airlines, Texas Air instituted a new low fare category (25)______. Max Saver. The fare offered prices that were up to 40 percent lower than “supersaver” rates offered (26)______. all airlines. For example, the round-trip MaxSaver fare from New York to Houston was $79. The MaxSaver fares were immediately matched by all major airlines, (27)______. feared losing business.
While MaxSaver rates were low, they also had restrictions. Tickets could not be (28)______. or flight times modified after purchase. Passengers would have to stay over either a Saturday or Sunday. Reservations had to be made at least two days (29)______., and there were limited seats available. Three weeks after Max Saver rates were (30)______. American Airlines announced plans to raise its discount fares and require 30-day (31)______. purchasing for its lowest fares. It felt it could not continue at the rates in effect. However, just l0 days (32)______.American Airlines had to revise its plan. Texas Air refused to abandon the MaxSaver fare;it even extended the program into the busy summer season. Competitors went along and the price war raged on, (33)______. an executive’s comment that “nobody’s cost structure can survive Max Savers.”
Example:
A found B find C founded D finned
19. A. little B. slowly C. quick D. radically
20. A. burst B. explode C. opened D. disappeared
21. A. gained B. made C. lost D. disappeared
22. A. emerged B. merged C. has combined D. mixed
23. A. what B. which C. where D. that
24. A. expand B. to extend C. expanded D. extended
25. A. called B. calling C. to call D. calling on
26. A. to B. for C. with D. by
27. A. what B. that C. which D. this
28. A. put off B. canceling C. destroyed D. canceled
29. A. before B. in advance C. ahead of D. later
30. A. introduced B. brought in C. taken in D. adapted
31. A. advanced B. before C. ahead D. prior to
32. A. lately B. later C. late D. latter
33. A. despite of B. despite C. in spite D. although
Passage 4 ● Look at the statements below and the five extracts from an article giving advice to self-employed consultants about negotiating fees for their services.
● Which extract (A, B, C, D or E) does each statement l-8 refer to?
● For each statement l-8, make one letter(A, B, C, D or E)on your Answer Sheet.
● You will need to use some of these letters more than once.
1. Trying to negotiate is only worthwhile if there is the prospect of success.
2. The best result of negotiation is when both parties have a sense of satisfaction.
3. Accepting a lower fee might have benefits in the future.
4. It is important to know how much other people are charging for similar work.
5. You should ask for a fee in excess of what you expect to get.
6. Offer the other party incentives to agree to your fee.
7. Other people’s reactions to you are influenced by your body language.
8. It may become obvious that you have come to regret a deal you have made.
A
You’re in danger of selling yourself short if you don’t know where the goalposts are, especially when you’re negotiating with a new client. Research the market and find out the going rate. You can do this by networking contacts or talking to small business advisers. Alternatively, ask the competitor. Of course your rivals may not tell you, but there’s no harm in asking. Another prerequisiteis learning to recognize when there’s hope for negotiation, because without it, you can waste a great deal of time and energy.
B
Know the amount you would really like, slightly above what you think they will offer and above what you’d be happy to settle for. Also, know your trade-offs. Create a wish list of all the things you’d like to receive, if you lived in a perfect world. That way, if the other side wants you to move from your preferred or opening position on an issue to a position nearer the bottom line, you can move in exchange for something from your wish list.
C
People who are nervous about negotiating over money often let fear tell them they’re not good at these discussions and not worth the fee. You literally can’t afford the luxury of a single negotiating thought. Stand up when making negotiating phone calls:it will make you feel more powerful. If you’re face to face, make steady eye contact, keep your head up and your hands still-these all suggest assertiveness, rather than aggressivenessor passivity and you’ll be surprised at how much this affects the way that you come across in the negotiation.
D
You have to know the price below which it would be uneconomical for you to do a job. This could vary from job to job-you may be prepared to do some cheaper in the hope that they’ll lead to better things. But don’t be talked below your bottom line and end up working for nothing. After all, in the long term, there’s little point in agreeing to something that you’re not happy with:you’re likely to feel resentful, and this might even come across in your behaviour.
E
When negotiating money, there may be non-financial factors you can throw into the mix. For example, why not say, ‘If you pay me such and such, I’ll include a report on the company for you’. Plan these extras beforehand. Make sure that they won’t take forever to do, but are things of value to the other side. This way you can achieve the ideal outcome: you appear to accept compromise when in fact you’ve got everything you wanted, and they’ll think they’ve got the better of the deal.
Quelle est la nature de cet article?
According to the article, what is the worst problem facing people living in cities?
Passage 5Questions l9—33
● Read the article about the cash basic of accounting
● Choose the best word to fill each gap, from A, B, C or D.
●For each question l9—33, mark one letter(A, B, C or D)on your Answer Sheet.
●There is an example at the beginning.
Under the cash (0)______. of accounting, a firm recognizes revenues from selling goods and providing services in the period when it receives cash from customers. It reports (19)______ in the period when it makes cash expenditures for merchandise, salaries, insurance, taxes, and (20)______ items. To illustrate the measurement of performance under the cash basis of accounting, consider the following example.
Donald and Joanne Aliens open a hardware store on January l, Year l. The firm receives $20,000 (21)______ cash from the Allens and borrows $12,000 from a local bank. It must repay the loan on June 30, Year 1, with interest charged (22)______ the rate of l2 percent per year. The firm rents a store building on January l, and pays 2 months’ rent of $4,000 (23)______. On January l, it also pays the premium of $ 2,400 for property and liability insurance coverage for the year (24)______ December 31, Year l. During January it acquires merchandise costing $40,000, (25)______ it purchases $26,000 for cash and$ 14.000 on account. Sales to customers during January total $50,000, of which $34,000 is for (26)______ and $16,000 is on account. The acquisition cost of the merchandise (27)______ during January is $32,000, and various employees receive $5,000 in salaries.
Lawyers, accountants, and (28)______ professionals are the principal entities that use the cash basis of accounting .These professionals have (29)______ small investments in multiperiod assets, (30)______ buildings and equipment, and usually collect cash from clients soon after they(31)______ services. Most of these firms actually use a modified cash basis of accounting, under which they (32)______ the costs of buildings, equipment, and similar items as assets (33)______.
Most individuals use the cash basis of accounting for the purpose of computing personal income and person at income taxes.
Example:
l A basis B base C bases D way
19. A. by using up B. expenses C. by spending D. expense
20. A. similar B. a lot of C. a large number of D. Different
21. A. by means of B. on C. within D. in
22. A. with B. by C. at D. in
23. A. in advance of B. ahead of C. in advance D. in front
24. A. ended B. ending C. to end D. while ending
25. A. of which B. in which C. with which D. of that
26. A. expenses B. money C. rent D. cash
27. A. sell off B. sold C. is sold D. was sold
28. A. the same B. different C. like D. other
29. A. relatively B. relative to C. been relative to D. in relation to
30. A. so that B. such that C. such as D. for the purpose of
31. A. render B. pay for C. put into D. bring
32. A. treat as B. pay for C. pay back D. treat
33. A. when purchasing B. when purchased C. when purchase D. which purchased
According to the article, what is the cause of general on-the-job discomfort?
What does the article indicate about ECV-12?
Where does the article say people will be allowed to smoke after the smoking ban in France comes into force?