Drug Overuse ① Nowadays,millions of people misuse and even overuse pain medications and other drugs. Research by the American National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA, 1999) shows that around 2% of the population over age 12 were using drugs non-medically. ② NIDA views medications as a powerful force for good in the contemporary world. They reduce and remove pain for millions of people suffering from illness and disease. They make it possible for doctors to perform complicated surgery to save lives. Many people afflicted by serious medical conditions are able to control their symptoms and become active, contributing citizens. NIDA points out that most individuals who take these drags use them in a responsible. ③ Nevertheless, overuse of drugs such as opioids, central nervous system(CNS) depressants and stimulants does lead to harmful reliance in some people and is therefore becoming a serious public health concern. Although this abuse affects many people worldwide, particular trends of concern to the medical profession in the US appear among older adults, teenagers arid women. ④ Though it may be a surprise to many, the misuse of medications may be the most common form of drug abuse among the elderly. Dr Kenneth Schrader of Duke University, North Carolina states that although the elderly represent about 13% of the US population, those aged 65 and over account for the consumption of one third of all drugs. People in this age group use medications roughly three times more than the general population and have poorer compliance with instruction for use. In another study of elderly patients admitted to treatment programs, 70% were women who had overused medicines. ⑤ Unfortunately, this trend among women does not only affect those aged over. In general, among women and men who are using either an anti-anxiety drug or a sedative, women are twice as likely to become addicted. In addition, statistics compiled for 12 —17 year olds show that teenage girls are more likely than teenage boys to begin overusing psychotherapeutic medication such as painkillers, tranquillizers, stimulants and sedatives. Paragraph①().
With hundreds of millions of electronic (11)taking place daily, businesses and organizations have a strong incentive to protect the. (12) of the data exchanged in this manner, and to positively ensure the (13) of those involved in the transactions. This has led to an industry-wide quest for better, more secure methods for controlling IT operations,and for deploying strong security mechanisms deeply and broadly throughout networked infrastructures and client devices. One of the more successful concepts to engage the imaginations of the security community has been the development of standards-based security(14) that can be incorporated in the hardware design of client computers. The principle of encapsulating core security capabilities in (15) and integrating security provisions at the deepest levels of the machine operation has significant benefits for both users and those responsible for securing IT operations. 空白处(13)应选择()
Drug Overuse ① Nowadays,millions of people misuse and even overuse pain medications and other drugs. Research by the American National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA, 1999) shows that around 2% of the population over age 12 were using drugs non-medically. ② NIDA views medications as a powerful force for good in the contemporary world. They reduce and remove pain for millions of people suffering from illness and disease. They make it possible for doctors to perform complicated surgery to save lives. Many people afflicted by serious medical conditions are able to control their symptoms and become active, contributing citizens. NIDA points out that most individuals who take these drags use them in a responsible. ③ Nevertheless, overuse of drugs such as opioids, central nervous system(CNS) depressants and stimulants does lead to harmful reliance in some people and is therefore becoming a serious public health concern. Although this abuse affects many people worldwide, particular trends of concern to the medical profession in the US appear among older adults, teenagers arid women. ④ Though it may be a surprise to many, the misuse of medications may be the most common form of drug abuse among the elderly. Dr Kenneth Schrader of Duke University, North Carolina states that although the elderly represent about 13% of the US population, those aged 65 and over account for the consumption of one third of all drugs. People in this age group use medications roughly three times more than the general population and have poorer compliance with instruction for use. In another study of elderly patients admitted to treatment programs, 70% were women who had overused medicines. ⑤ Unfortunately, this trend among women does not only affect those aged over. In general, among women and men who are using either an anti-anxiety drug or a sedative, women are twice as likely to become addicted. In addition, statistics compiled for 12 —17 year olds show that teenage girls are more likely than teenage boys to begin overusing psychotherapeutic medication such as painkillers, tranquillizers, stimulants and sedatives. Paragraph②().
Grain production in the world is _____, but still millions are hungry.
With hundreds of millions of electronic (11)taking place daily, businesses and organizations have a strong incentive to protect the. (12) of the data exchanged in this manner, and to positively ensure the (13) of those involved in the transactions. This has led to an industry-wide quest for better, more secure methods for controlling IT operations,and for deploying strong security mechanisms deeply and broadly throughout networked infrastructures and client devices. One of the more successful concepts to engage the imaginations of the security community has been the development of standards-based security(14) that can be incorporated in the hardware design of client computers. The principle of encapsulating core security capabilities in (15) and integrating security provisions at the deepest levels of the machine operation has significant benefits for both users and those responsible for securing IT operations. 空白处(14)应选择()
____(抢劫犯)robbed the bank of millions of dollars.
Passage 1
IF VITAMIN C is good for you, does more mean better? Millions of people think so but scientists have been divided on the issue. Despite a huge research effort, there is little evidence that megadoses of vitamin C, up to 100 times the recommended daily amounts, have beneficial effects.
Now an American scientist has come up with an explanation of the lack of effect—and a simple remedy. Millions of Americans take supplements of the vitamin in the belief that its anti-oxidant properties help prevent heart disease, cancer and the ageing process. Most of it, however, goes straight down the pan: the body cannot deal with excess vitamin C, which is rapidly excreted. Even large doses are eliminated in 12 hours and slow-release ones in 16.
The way to keep blood levels of the vitamin continuously high, according to Roc Ordman, Professor of Biochemistry at Beloit College, Wisconsin, is to take it twice a day—one 500 milligram does every 12 hours.
“If vitamin C really does work as an antioxidant, then taking a supplement once a day might be like wearing a condom half the time.” Professor Ordman said. “Nobody has ever thought to look at how much you have to take to keep the level elevated.”
In a study published in the current issue of the gerontology journal Age, Professor Ordman gave varying doses of vitamin C at different times to students and measured the amount excreted in their urine. He found a 500 mg dose was needed every 12 hours “to enrich the blood just enough to ensure there is a little bit leaking out all the time.” This compares with the US-recommended adult daily allowance of 60 mgs.
Recommended levels of vitamin C, and other vitamins, have been raised following recognition of their role in mopping up “free radicals” in the blood linked with a range of diseases. However, the British figure of 40 mgs daily for vitamin C is still below the U.S. figure and likely to be raised again.
Research on megadoses of vitamin C of 10 and 20 times this level have shown it to have some protective effect against the common cold taken at the first sign. But there is no evidence of a beneficial effect against other diseases of doses vastly higher than the recommended daily amounts.
LINUS PAULING, the Nobel Laureate, whose book on vitamin C and the common cold in 1970 popularised the idea of taking fistfuls of supplements, is said to have swallowed 10,000 mgs a day. It is because it is water-soluble and quickly excreted that vitamin C is safe in such quantities; it does not build up in the tissues.
Professor Ordman’s twice-daily regime may help keep blood levels of the vitamin high. But dosing on the scale followed by Pauling, who died last August aged 93, will seriously damage your bank balance—at $ 2,500 a year.
1. What do you know about Professor Ordman’s view towards vitamin C from the passage?
2. Why was the Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling mentioned in the passage?
3. Explain in your town words the sentence from paragraph 2 “Most of it, however, goes straight down the pan”.
4. What is concluded about effects of megadoses of vitamin C in the passage?